:root{--paper:#eeece5;--paper-light:#f5f3ed;--ink:#1c2224;--muted:#5d6668;--faint:#a3a8a3;--line:#c5c9c2;--orange:#c75434;--night:#0c131a;--max:1600px;--sans:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;--serif:'Iowan Old Style','Baskerville','Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Georgia,serif}
*,*::before,*::after{box-sizing:border-box}html{scroll-behavior:smooth;scroll-padding-top:90px}body{margin:0;background:var(--paper);color:var(--ink);font-family:var(--sans);-webkit-font-smoothing:antialiased;text-rendering:optimizeLegibility}img,svg{display:block;max-width:100%}a{color:inherit}button{font:inherit}::selection{color:#fff;background:var(--orange)}.page{max-width:var(--max);margin:0 auto;overflow:hidden;background:var(--paper);min-height:100vh}.skip{position:absolute;left:16px;top:-80px;z-index:100;background:var(--ink);color:#fff;padding:14px}.skip:focus{top:10px}.site-header{position:relative;z-index:50;border-bottom:1px solid var(--line);background:var(--paper)}.header-inner{height:91px;display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:space-between;padding:0 clamp(26px,5.4vw,86px)}.brand{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:14px;text-decoration:none;min-width:186px}.brand-symbol{height:42px;width:42px;display:grid;place-items:center;border:1.5px solid var(--ink);border-radius:50%;position:relative}.brand-symbol::before{content:"";position:absolute;width:55px;height:17px;border:1.5px solid var(--ink);border-radius:50%;transform:rotate(-35deg)}.brand-symbol::after{content:"";width:6px;height:6px;background:var(--orange);border-radius:50%}.brand-name{font-size:12px;line-height:1.05;letter-spacing:.125em;font-weight:800}.brand-name strong{display:block;font-size:14px;letter-spacing:.035em}.header-note{font-size:10px;letter-spacing:.16em;text-transform:uppercase;line-height:1.65;color:var(--muted);margin-left:auto;margin-right:clamp(30px,4vw,70px)}.main-nav{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:clamp(15px,2.2vw,35px)}.main-nav a{font-size:11px;letter-spacing:.105em;text-transform:uppercase;text-decoration:none;padding:11px 0;white-space:nowrap;position:relative}.main-nav a::after{content:"";position:absolute;bottom:6px;left:0;right:0;height:1px;background:var(--orange);transform:scaleX(0);transform-origin:left;transition:transform .2s}.main-nav a:hover::after,.main-nav a[aria-current="page"]::after{transform:scaleX(1)}.nav-toggle{display:none;background:transparent;border:1px solid var(--ink);width:43px;height:43px;cursor:pointer;align-items:center;justify-content:center;flex-direction:column;gap:6px}.nav-toggle span{width:18px;height:1px;background:var(--ink)}.progress{height:2px;background:var(--orange);position:fixed;top:0;left:0;z-index:100;transform:scaleX(0);transform-origin:left;width:100%;pointer-events:none}
.kicker{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:11px;font-size:10px;letter-spacing:.17em;font-weight:700;text-transform:uppercase}.kicker::before{content:"";display:block;background:var(--orange);width:22px;height:2px;flex:none}.kicker--light{color:#e0ddd4}.kicker--light::before{background:#f08e63}.display{font-family:var(--serif);font-weight:400;letter-spacing:-.057em;line-height:.99}.display em{font-style:italic;font-weight:400}.stroke-link{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;gap:34px;border-bottom:1px solid currentColor;text-decoration:none;padding-bottom:11px;font-size:12px;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:.08em;text-transform:uppercase;transition:gap .2s,color .2s}.stroke-link:hover{gap:47px;color:var(--orange)}.stroke-link .arrow{font-size:23px;font-weight:400;line-height:1}.meta-small{font-size:10px;letter-spacing:.12em;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--muted);line-height:1.8}.tint{color:var(--orange)}
.home-hero{display:grid;grid-template-columns:54% 46%;min-height:min(720px,calc(100svh - 91px));border-bottom:1px solid var(--line)}.home-hero__copy{padding:clamp(55px,8.3vw,140px) clamp(25px,5.4vw,86px) 42px;display:flex;flex-direction:column;align-items:flex-start}.home-hero h1{font-size:clamp(69px,7.75vw,126px);margin:58px 0 28px}.home-hero h1 em{color:var(--orange)}.home-hero__intro{font-family:var(--serif);font-size:clamp(21px,2vw,27px);line-height:1.43;max-width:390px;letter-spacing:-.02em;margin:0 0 42px}.home-hero__bottom{margin-top:auto;display:flex;justify-content:space-between;align-items:flex-end;width:100%;padding-top:40px}.home-hero__figure{position:relative;min-height:550px;overflow:hidden;background:#0b121b}.home-hero__figure>img{height:100%;width:100%;object-fit:cover;object-position:center}.image-caption{position:absolute;bottom:23px;left:28px;right:28px;color:#f0eee6;display:flex;justify-content:space-between;align-items:end;gap:20px;font-size:10px;letter-spacing:.09em;line-height:1.5;text-transform:uppercase;opacity:.8}.issue-strip{border-bottom:1px solid var(--line);display:flex;justify-content:space-between;align-items:center;padding:19px clamp(26px,5.4vw,86px);gap:18px;flex-wrap:wrap}.issue-strip span{font-size:10px;letter-spacing:.14em;text-transform:uppercase}.issue-strip span:nth-child(2){color:var(--muted)}
.section{padding:clamp(65px,9vw,125px) clamp(26px,5.4vw,86px)}.section-heading{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1fr 2fr;gap:30px;margin-bottom:52px;align-items:start}.section-heading h2{font:400 clamp(44px,5vw,75px)/1.05 var(--serif);letter-spacing:-.048em;margin:0;max-width:740px}.section-heading .meta-small{max-width:220px;margin-top:16px}.story-grid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(3,minmax(0,1fr));gap:20px}.story-card{display:flex;flex-direction:column;text-decoration:none;min-width:0}.story-visual{background:#0a131e;overflow:hidden;aspect-ratio:1/1;position:relative}.story-visual img{width:100%;height:100%;object-fit:cover;transition:transform .65s cubic-bezier(.2,.6,.2,1)}.story-card:hover img{transform:scale(1.045)}.story-index{position:absolute;top:17px;left:18px;color:#eee8d9;font:10px var(--sans);letter-spacing:.13em;text-transform:uppercase;background:#10171b99;padding:9px 11px;backdrop-filter:blur(10px)}.story-label{display:flex;justify-content:space-between;align-items:center;border-bottom:1px solid var(--line);padding:20px 0 16px;gap:10px}.story-label span{font-size:10px;text-transform:uppercase;letter-spacing:.14em;color:var(--muted)}.story-label b{font-size:18px;font-weight:400}.story-card h3{font:400 clamp(30px,2.85vw,43px)/1.08 var(--serif);letter-spacing:-.042em;margin:22px 0 14px;max-width:370px}.story-card p{font:15px/1.65 var(--sans);color:var(--muted);margin:0 0 24px;max-width:340px}.story-more{font-size:11px;text-transform:uppercase;letter-spacing:.1em;font-weight:700;margin-top:auto;padding:8px 0}.story-more span{color:var(--orange);font-size:20px;margin-left:8px;vertical-align:-1px}
.dark-feature{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr;background:var(--night);color:#f0eee5;min-height:500px}.dark-feature__left{padding:clamp(50px,6vw,98px) clamp(25px,5.4vw,86px);display:flex;flex-direction:column;align-items:flex-start}.dark-feature blockquote{font:400 clamp(42px,5.2vw,82px)/1.03 var(--serif);letter-spacing:-.04em;margin:45px 0 34px;max-width:800px}.dark-feature__left .stroke-link{margin-top:auto}.dark-feature__right{position:relative;overflow:hidden;background:#132331;min-height:430px}.dark-feature__right img{height:100%;width:100%;object-fit:cover;object-position:center 44%}.dark-feature__right::after{content:"";position:absolute;inset:0;background:linear-gradient(90deg,#0c131a 0%,transparent 40%)}
.note-section{padding:clamp(65px,8vw,105px) clamp(26px,5.4vw,86px);display:grid;grid-template-columns:1fr 1.7fr;gap:45px;border-bottom:1px solid var(--line)}.note-section h2{font:400 clamp(33px,4.1vw,60px)/1.09 var(--serif);letter-spacing:-.05em;margin:35px 0 0}.note-section__text{font:clamp(18px,2.1vw,26px)/1.5 var(--serif);letter-spacing:-.017em;max-width:750px}.note-section__text p{margin:0 0 20px}.note-section__text a{text-underline-offset:5px;color:var(--orange)}
.site-footer{padding:48px clamp(26px,5.4vw,86px) 27px;background:#dfe0d7}.footer-top{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1.1fr 1fr;gap:40px;align-items:start;padding-bottom:85px}.footer-big{font:400 clamp(38px,5.5vw,82px)/1 var(--serif);letter-spacing:-.06em;margin:26px 0}.footer-links{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr;gap:16px 38px;padding-top:12px}.footer-links a{font-size:12px;letter-spacing:.07em;text-decoration:none;border-bottom:1px solid #9ea69d;padding:0 0 13px;display:flex;justify-content:space-between}.footer-links a:hover{color:var(--orange)}.footer-bottom{display:flex;justify-content:space-between;gap:30px;flex-wrap:wrap;border-top:1px solid #aeb6ab;padding-top:20px;color:#4c5854;font-size:10px;letter-spacing:.085em;line-height:1.5;text-transform:uppercase}.footer-bottom a{text-decoration:none;border-bottom:1px solid currentColor}
.article-hero{display:grid;grid-template-columns:54% 46%;min-height:640px;border-bottom:1px solid var(--line)}.article-hero__copy{padding:65px clamp(26px,5.4vw,86px) 40px;display:flex;flex-direction:column;justify-content:space-between}.article-hero h1{font-size:clamp(64px,6.85vw,108px);margin:68px 0 34px}.article-hero__desc{max-width:480px;font:clamp(20px,2.15vw,29px)/1.38 var(--serif);letter-spacing:-.02em;margin:0 0 42px}.article-hero__bottom{display:flex;justify-content:space-between;align-items:end;gap:20px}.article-hero__art{min-height:600px;background:#101b24;position:relative;overflow:hidden}.article-hero__art img{width:100%;height:100%;object-fit:cover}.article-lede{padding:85px clamp(26px,5.4vw,86px) 70px;display:grid;grid-template-columns:1fr 2fr;gap:45px;border-bottom:1px solid var(--line)}.article-lede__copy{font:400 clamp(25px,3.05vw,44px)/1.3 var(--serif);letter-spacing:-.035em;max-width:860px}.article-lede__copy p{margin:0 0 25px}.aside-label{font-size:10px;line-height:1.8;letter-spacing:.16em;color:var(--muted);text-transform:uppercase}.article-section{padding:95px clamp(26px,5.4vw,86px);border-bottom:1px solid var(--line)}.article-section--light{background:var(--paper-light)}.article-section__top{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1fr 2fr;gap:45px;margin-bottom:50px}.article-section__top h2{font:400 clamp(45px,5.1vw,80px)/1.05 var(--serif);letter-spacing:-.05em;margin:0;max-width:800px}.article-section__body{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1fr 2fr;gap:45px}.article-section__body>.minor{font-size:11px;color:var(--muted);line-height:1.7;max-width:200px}.prose{font:19px/1.77 var(--serif);max-width:760px;letter-spacing:-.006em}.prose p{margin:0 0 26px}.prose strong{font-weight:700}.prose a{color:var(--orange);text-underline-offset:4px}.prose h3{font:400 35px/1.15 var(--serif);letter-spacing:-.035em;margin:46px 0 18px}.pull{border-top:1px solid var(--ink);margin:36px 0;padding-top:26px;font:italic clamp(28px,3.2vw,46px)/1.24 var(--serif);letter-spacing:-.025em}.facts{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(3,minmax(0,1fr));border-top:1px solid var(--line);border-bottom:1px solid var(--line);margin-top:55px}.fact{padding:32px 26px 38px;border-right:1px solid var(--line)}.fact:first-child{padding-left:0}.fact:last-child{border:0}.fact b{display:block;font:400 clamp(43px,4.3vw,65px)/1.1 var(--serif);letter-spacing:-.055em;margin:14px 0}.fact p{font:13px/1.6 var(--sans);color:var(--muted);margin:0;max-width:240px}.fact sup{font-size:13px;letter-spacing:-.02em}.diagram-section{background:var(--night);color:#eceae2;padding:clamp(60px,8vw,110px) clamp(26px,5.4vw,86px)}.diagram-head{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1fr 1.7fr;gap:40px;align-items:start;margin-bottom:40px}.diagram-head h2{font:400 clamp(43px,4.4vw,68px)/1.04 var(--serif);letter-spacing:-.045em;margin:0}.diagram-layout{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1.4fr .8fr;gap:45px;align-items:center}.diagram-art{min-height:470px;position:relative;display:grid;place-items:center;overflow:hidden;border:1px solid #364148;background:radial-gradient(circle at 52% 47%,#27323a 0%,#101922 54%,#0b131b 100%)}.diagram-art .orbit{position:absolute;border-radius:50%;border:1px dashed #7f8c8f55;width:74%;aspect-ratio:1}.diagram-art .orbit-two{width:93%;border-color:#65717b33}.diagram-hole{width:215px;height:215px;border:2px solid #de874e;border-radius:50%;box-shadow:0 0 0 12px #cb704018,0 0 70px 30px #b559302a,inset 0 0 50px #000;background:#020405;position:relative;z-index:2}.diagram-ring{position:absolute;left:50%;top:50%;width:min(86%,520px);height:115px;border:24px solid #b9703b;border-top-color:#e1a367;border-bottom-color:#8b402c;transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(-22deg);border-radius:50%;opacity:.78;box-shadow:0 0 45px #d4753550}.diagram-panel{border-top:1px solid #455158;padding-top:17px}.diagram-tabs{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:9px;margin:12px 0 35px}.diagram-tabs button,.stage-button{border:1px solid #617078;background:none;color:#d6d8d1;padding:11px 14px;cursor:pointer;font-size:11px;letter-spacing:.07em;text-align:left}.diagram-tabs button[aria-pressed="true"],.stage-button[aria-pressed="true"]{background:var(--orange);border-color:var(--orange);color:#fff}.diagram-panel h3{font:400 35px/1.18 var(--serif);letter-spacing:-.03em;margin:0 0 16px}.diagram-panel p{font:15px/1.75 var(--sans);color:#bfc7c6;min-height:110px;margin:0}.diagram-note{font-size:10px;color:#899da0;letter-spacing:.07em;line-height:1.6;margin-top:23px}.source-section{padding:58px clamp(26px,5.4vw,86px) 70px;background:var(--paper-light)}.source-section h2{font:400 30px/1.2 var(--serif);letter-spacing:-.03em;margin:0 0 24px}.sources{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:12px 30px}.sources a{font-size:12px;color:var(--muted);text-underline-offset:5px;line-height:1.7}.sources a:hover{color:var(--orange)}.next-story{display:flex;justify-content:space-between;align-items:center;gap:25px;background:var(--orange);padding:42px clamp(26px,5.4vw,86px);color:#fff;text-decoration:none}.next-story span{display:block;font-size:10px;letter-spacing:.16em;text-transform:uppercase;opacity:.8;margin-bottom:12px}.next-story b{display:block;font:400 clamp(36px,4.4vw,68px)/1 var(--serif);letter-spacing:-.04em}.next-story>strong{font-weight:400;font-size:44px;transition:transform .2s}.next-story:hover>strong{transform:translateX(9px)}
.scale-list{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(3,1fr);gap:0;border:1px solid var(--line);margin:56px 0 0}.scale-item{padding:24px 25px 27px;border-right:1px solid var(--line)}.scale-item:last-child{border:0}.scale-item span{font:10px var(--sans);text-transform:uppercase;letter-spacing:.14em;color:var(--muted)}.scale-item b{display:block;font:400 clamp(25px,3vw,42px)/1.15 var(--serif);letter-spacing:-.04em;margin:25px 0 11px}.scale-item p{font:14px/1.65 var(--sans);color:var(--muted);margin:0}.timeline{border-top:1px solid #455158;display:grid;grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr;gap:45px}.timeline-controls{display:flex;flex-direction:column;gap:12px;padding-top:40px}.stage-button{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:20px;padding:20px;font-size:13px}.stage-button .number{font:30px var(--serif)}.launch-visual{border:1px solid #455158;background:radial-gradient(circle at center,#283743 0%,#0b131b 66%);min-height:490px;position:relative;overflow:hidden}.launch-visual::before{content:"";position:absolute;inset:0;background:repeating-linear-gradient(0deg,transparent 0,transparent 83px,#ffffff13 84px),repeating-linear-gradient(90deg,transparent 0,transparent 83px,#ffffff0f 84px)}.launch-ground{position:absolute;height:1px;background:#9a7b70;width:100%;bottom:17%}.launch-rocket{position:absolute;z-index:3;width:46px;height:175px;left:calc(50% - 23px);bottom:18%;transform:translateY(0);transition:transform .9s cubic-bezier(.2,.6,.2,1)}.launch-rocket .nose{height:43px;background:#d3d9d3;clip-path:polygon(50% 0,100% 100%,0 100%)}.launch-rocket .hull{height:126px;background:linear-gradient(90deg,#8c9a9c,#f0ede1 45%,#acb5b3);border-top:7px solid var(--orange);position:relative}.launch-rocket .hull::after{content:"";position:absolute;width:48px;height:5px;top:83px;left:0;background:#d57252}.launch-rocket .flame{position:absolute;left:11px;top:170px;width:24px;height:70px;background:linear-gradient(#fff4b1,#f6a657,#ed512b00);clip-path:polygon(15% 0,85% 0,100% 100%,50% 72%,0 100%);transition:opacity .3s,height .3s}.launch-visual[data-stage="0"] .launch-rocket{transform:translateY(0)}.launch-visual[data-stage="1"] .launch-rocket{transform:translateY(-95px)}.launch-visual[data-stage="2"] .launch-rocket{transform:translateY(-230px)}.launch-visual[data-stage="2"] .flame{height:34px;opacity:.45}.launch-visual[data-stage="2"] .hull{height:96px}.alt-label{position:absolute;top:25px;left:25px;color:#ccd5d5;font-size:11px;letter-spacing:.15em;text-transform:uppercase}.alt-label strong{display:block;font:400 29px var(--serif);margin-top:10px;letter-spacing:0}.launch-caption{position:absolute;bottom:20px;left:25px;color:#8da4ac;font-size:10px;letter-spacing:.09em;line-height:1.5}.reading-note{font:11px/1.6 var(--sans);letter-spacing:.075em;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--muted);border-top:1px solid var(--line);padding-top:20px;margin-top:45px}.reading-note a{color:var(--orange)}
@media(max-width:1100px){.header-note{display:none}.home-hero h1{font-size:clamp(60px,7.5vw,97px)}.home-hero__copy{padding-top:74px}.article-hero h1{font-size:clamp(58px,7vw,86px)}.diagram-layout{grid-template-columns:1.2fr 1fr;gap:25px}.story-card h3{font-size:32px}}
@media(max-width:760px){.header-inner{height:75px;padding:0 22px}.brand-symbol{width:35px;height:35px}.brand-symbol::before{width:47px}.brand-name{font-size:10px}.brand-name strong{font-size:12px}.nav-toggle{display:flex}.main-nav{display:none;position:absolute;left:0;right:0;top:75px;background:var(--paper);padding:23px;flex-direction:column;align-items:stretch;border-bottom:1px solid var(--line);gap:2px;box-shadow:0 20px 30px #00000013}.main-nav.is-open{display:flex}.main-nav a{font-size:14px;padding:14px 5px}.home-hero,.article-hero{grid-template-columns:1fr}.home-hero{min-height:0}.home-hero__copy{padding:51px 25px 30px;min-height:540px}.home-hero h1{font-size:clamp(62px,12.2vw,91px);margin:65px 0 24px}.home-hero__intro{font-size:23px}.home-hero__bottom{padding-top:28px}.home-hero__figure{min-height:440px;height:75vw;max-height:650px}.image-caption{left:22px;right:22px}.issue-strip{padding:19px 25px}.issue-strip span:nth-child(2){display:none}.section{padding:72px 25px}.section-heading{grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:15px;margin-bottom:35px}.section-heading h2{font-size:clamp(43px,8vw,65px)}.story-grid{grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:43px}.story-visual{aspect-ratio:1.2/1}.story-card h3{font-size:40px}.story-card p{max-width:100%}.dark-feature{grid-template-columns:1fr}.dark-feature__left{padding:64px 25px;min-height:480px}.dark-feature blockquote{font-size:clamp(47px,10vw,70px)}.dark-feature__right{min-height:350px;height:57vw}.note-section{padding:65px 25px;grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:20px}.note-section h2{margin-top:30px}.note-section__text{font-size:22px}.site-footer{padding:46px 25px 23px}.footer-top{grid-template-columns:1fr;padding-bottom:48px;gap:15px}.footer-links{padding-top:0}.article-hero__copy{padding:53px 25px 30px;min-height:560px}.article-hero h1{font-size:clamp(62px,11vw,83px);margin:65px 0 27px}.article-hero__desc{font-size:24px}.article-hero__art{min-height:420px;height:78vw;max-height:650px}.article-lede{padding:62px 25px;grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:27px}.article-lede__copy{font-size:clamp(26px,6vw,37px)}.article-section{padding:70px 25px}.article-section__top,.article-section__body{grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:21px}.article-section__top h2{font-size:clamp(47px,8.5vw,65px)}.article-section__body>.minor{max-width:100%}.prose{font-size:19px}.facts{grid-template-columns:1fr}.fact,.fact:first-child{padding:25px 0;border-right:0;border-bottom:1px solid var(--line)}.fact:last-child{border:0}.diagram-section{padding:65px 25px}.diagram-head,.diagram-layout{grid-template-columns:1fr}.diagram-head h2{font-size:clamp(44px,8vw,62px)}.diagram-art{min-height:380px}.diagram-hole{width:163px;height:163px}.diagram-ring{height:96px;border-width:19px}.diagram-panel{padding-top:25px}.source-section{padding:48px 25px}.next-story{padding:39px 25px}.scale-list{grid-template-columns:1fr}.scale-item{border-right:0;border-bottom:1px solid var(--line)}.scale-item:last-child{border:0}.timeline{grid-template-columns:1fr}.timeline-controls{padding-top:25px}.launch-visual{min-height:430px}}
@media(max-width:390px){.home-hero h1,.article-hero h1{font-size:55px}.home-hero__copy{min-height:510px}.article-hero__copy{min-height:530px}.image-caption{font-size:9px}.footer-links{grid-template-columns:1fr}}
@media(prefers-reduced-motion:reduce){html{scroll-behavior:auto}*,*::before,*::after{animation-duration:.01ms!important;animation-iteration-count:1!important;transition-duration:.01ms!important}}